A multi_purpose utility model for Khartoum urban area Using GIS Analysis Techniques

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to design and develop a multi-purpose utility model for north of
Khartoum area using techniques of Geographical Information System(GIS). Moreover, the study aims to
investigate and identify the operational development systems employing integrated utility databases for facilities
including water pipelines networks, sewage system, electric networks, telephone and telecommunication networks
and roads services. The second goal is to establish multi-purpose utility model to aid for management and
development future plans as well as providing a requisite accuracy in a multi-purpose utility model case by design
and maintenance errors resulting in great cost. The methodology of this study intends to establish a mutual global
and a local datum base map comprising all utility services in study the area and to apply the GIS analysis
techniques for the management and planning of these networks with the ultimate aim of achieving easy and fast
operation, updating and maintenance of these networks . The software used is ArcGIS9.3 package for
transformation of coordinates, vectorization, editing ,Topology, retopology, addition of attribute data , and
performance of spatial analysis. An urban study area (North of Khartoum) is selected from the topographical map
prepared by Dr.M.A.Gorani and provided by the Sudan National Survey Authority (SNSA) at scale of 1:25000.It
is demarcated by the Nile avenue from the North , AlImam AlHadi road from the South, the Armed Forces bridge
from the East, and the White Nile bridge from the West.. The urban study area covers (5.94) km2. Reference
spheroid for the coordinates of the study area is Clarke 1880, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Projection.
Grid zone is 36, and Adindan Datum. Constructing the database for the model requires scanning from a hard
copy, transformation from machine coordinates to ground coordinates, transferring from raster to vector data, and
then manipulating the database using a GIS software. The attributes were entered using the key board. This study
shown that digital utility model analyses cannot be achieved by looking or carrying out analysis only in one
dimensionality of GIS; need to employ multi-dimensional GIS to accomplish GIS-SA. It has shown how the
various dimensionalities of GIS (2D, and 3D) can be used to accomplish specific tasks in multi-purpose utility
model such as exchange data in different format and analysis of the utility model at both aggregated of services
and disaggregated with data collected by the traditional and modern methods. The study concludes that a common
control room should be established to mountain and manage the utility services network. Within this model the
role of the GIS is to feed the system with the exact location of the break down using detectors of water and
drainage pipelines.